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Publisher / Managing Editor
Françoise THUILLIER
Tél.: 33.(0)4.42.92.00.06
Fax: 33.(0)4.42.92.17.80 info@irrigazette.com
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Filtration in Localized Irrigation Systems: An essential Component
Whatever its origin, water contains suspended particles of varying sizes. In low volume localized irrigation, the size of the emission device orifice is too small to let all of these particles through. Depending on the quality of the water, the emission devices can clog quickly. Filtration is used to eliminate this problem. An appropriate filtration system or combination of filters will have to be used depending on the type and size of the particles.
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This filtration can consist
of several different filter systems
• Hydrocyclones/Sand separators which only work on heavy particles. They are separated by centrifugal force and drawn down by gravity into a collection chamber or tank. It should be pointed out that some filters combine separation and filtration.
• Sand or gravel filters, which filter by trapping particles in a bed of sand of a defined particle size (40 to 60 cm of sand). The filtration media is formed of sharp edged crushed sand (silica). As the water slowly trickles through this bed (at a speed of approximately 60 m/hour), the particles are trapped by the sand.
• Screen filters, where filtration is achieved by one or more filter cartridges made up of a perforated support structure wrapped with stainless steel or synthetic mesh in various micron ratings.
• Disc or laminate filters. With these, the filtering element is also made up of a support structure to which grooved discs are attached. The size of the grooves determines the fineness of the filtration.
The water source and its quality
determine which filtration system to use.
• Surface water from a body of water, such as a lake, pond or river. This type of water carries the most contaminants, containing mineral particles (silt, clay), vegetable or organic particles (algae, leaves). Filtrationis requires special attention with this very contaminated water.
Type of filtration recommended
for surface water
1. Hydrocyclone/sand separator to remove suspended sand and silt particles.
2. Sand or gravel filter(s) for trapping small or light particles.
3. Screen filter(s) as backup filters for blocking the smallest particles or sand particles that may have escaped downstream from a sand filter. If sets of filters are used, an automatic reverse-flush system is strongly recommended
• Ground water is extracted from comes from a well or bore hole. This water usually has very few contaminants. In most cases, this relates to sediments of sand or silt. These particles are mineral in origin and usually do not present any major problems, except when there is a presence of chemical deposits such as iron, for example.
Type of filtration recommended for ground water
1. A hydrocyclone/sand separator in the case of boreholes drilled in a sand formation.
2. Screen or disk filters, even if the water appears to be clean. |
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